Metformin is widely used as an agent to treat diabetes. When compared with the general population, diabetics are twice as likely to die from a heart attack and congestive heart failure (CHF). In the past, there has been a significant concern regarding the use of metformin in patients with CHF because of their higher tendency to develop adverse effects. However, large epidemiological trials have reported better cardiovascular outcomes with metformin.
Additionally, metformin has reduced the risk of reinfarction and all-cause mortality in patients with heart disease and CHF. The protection against heart disease is evident in people without diabetes also. These effects are mediated through an increase in 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and by increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cardiomyocytes with an increased production of nitric oxide (NO).
During a heart attack, Metformin protects the heart from further injury when the blood flow is restored. Studies have also shown improvement in the remodeling of the heart muscle after a heart attack.
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List of Research Articles Studying the Effects of Metformin on Heart Disease:
Metformin prescription status and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease progression in the U.S. veteran population. article
Metformin regulates metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of older adults. article
Metformin in patients with and without diabetes: a paradigm shift in cardiovascular disease management. article
Metformin improves endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome. article
Metformin improves endothelial vascular reactivity in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance. article
Effects of metformin on microvascular function and exercise tolerance in women with angina and normal coronary arteries: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. article
Lowering the threshold for defining microalbuminuria: effects of a lifestyle-metformin intervention in obese “normoalbuminuric” non-diabetic subjects. article
Metformin, arterial function, intima-media thickness and nitroxidation in metabolic syndrome: the mefisto study. article
Metformin and parameters of physical health. article
A randomized controlled trial of metformin on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with coronary artery disease without diabetes: the MET-REMODEL trial. article
Cardioprotection by Metformin: Beneficial Effects Beyond Glucose Reduction. article
Lifestyle and metformin treatment favorably influence lipoprotein subfraction distribution in the Diabetes Prevention Program. article
Effect of intensive lifestyle modification & metformin on cardiovascular risk in prediabetes: A pilot randomized control trial. article
Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium. article
Effect of Metformin on Metabolites and Relation With Myocardial Infarct Size and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction After Myocardial Infarction. article
Protective effect of metformin on myocardial injury in metabolic syndrome patients following percutaneous coronary intervention. article
Short-term metabolic and cardiovascular effects of metformin in markedly obese adolescents with normal glucose tolerance. article
Effects of 1-year treatment with metformin on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic upper-body obese subjects with mild glucose anomalies: a post-hoc analysis of the BIGPRO1 trial. article
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